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Introduction — why quantum field theory? Quantum field theory is the framework that unifies quantum mechanics with special relativity and provides the language for describing systems with variable particle number, creation and annihilation processes, and long-range correlations. Where nonrelativistic quantum mechanics treats particles as fundamental and fixed in number, relativistic processes (pair production, high-energy scattering) demand a description whose basic excitations are fields—objects spread through spacetime whose quanta we interpret as particles. QFT is the underpinning of the Standard Model of particle physics and a powerful toolkit in condensed matter, statistical physics, and modern mathematical physics.
